What cognitive bias is displayed when someone attributes a failure to an individual's character rather than the circumstances?

The correct choice is associated with the fundamental attribution error, which refers to the tendency to overemphasize internal characteristics and underemphasize situational factors when explaining someone else's behavior. In this scenario, attributing a failure to an individual’s character, such as their competence or motivation, rather than considering the external circumstances that may have influenced the failure exemplifies this cognitive bias.

Understanding this bias is important because it highlights how individuals often misinterpret the motivations or capabilities of others based on limited information. It encourages a more balanced perspective that takes into account the various situational factors that could have contributed to someone's actions or outcomes. Recognizing the fundamental attribution error can help foster greater empathy and less judgment in interpersonal interactions.